Swiss Water Decaffeinated Coffee Inc. (SWSSF)
For informational purposes only. Not financial advice. Analysis by Sedat ANAK, Founder & Editor-in-Chief | AI-powered analysis. Data sourced from SEC filings and institutional-grade financial providers. Editorially reviewed. Not financial advice.
Swiss Water Decaffeinated Coffee Inc. (SWSSF) trades at $3.40 with AI Score 52/100 (Grade B). Swiss Water Decaffeinated Coffee Inc. Market cap: $32.61M, Sector: Consumer defensive.
Price live · AI analysis from Jun 14, 2026Analyst Coverage for SWSSF: SWSSF does not currently have published analyst price targets in our coverage universe. This is common for smaller-cap names with limited Wall Street coverage. In the absence of analyst consensus, our AI model evaluates SWSSF against Consumer Defensive peers across nine fundamental dimensions and assigns a mixed fundamental profile based on the underlying data.
SWSSF: 4/6 perspectives are bullish. Dominant signal: Ray Dalio bullish.
How is this calculated? →Swiss Water Decaffeinated Coffee Inc. (SWSSF) Consumer Business Overview
Swiss Water Decaffeinated Coffee Inc. is a specialized green coffee decaffeinator utilizing a proprietary chemical-free process to serve specialty and commercial roasters globally. The company differentiates itself through its unique water-based method and provides essential logistics services, positioning it within the consumer defensive packaged foods sector.
What Is the Investment Thesis for SWSSF?
Swiss Water Decaffeinated Coffee Inc. presents a unique investment profile within the consumer defensive packaged foods sector, driven by its specialized chemical-free decaffeination process and integrated logistics services. The company's proprietary water-based method appeals to a growing market segment prioritizing natural and clean-label products, differentiating it from competitors using chemical solvents. This niche positioning supports its sales to specialty roasters, importers, and commercial clients across North America and internationally. Key value drivers include the increasing consumer demand for premium decaffeinated coffee and the operational efficiencies gained from its comprehensive green coffee logistics offerings, which also generate revenue from third-party clients. Financially, the company operates with a P/E ratio of 21.5, a gross margin of 10.8%, and a profit margin of 1.0%, indicating a focused, albeit lean, operational structure within its $32.61M market capitalization. Growth catalysts could stem from expanding its international footprint, capitalizing on rising health consciousness driving decaf consumption, and further leveraging its logistics infrastructure. Potential risks include volatility in green coffee bean prices, intense competition in the broader coffee market, and the inherent challenges of operating as an OTC-listed entity with unknown disclosure status.
Based on FMP financials and quantitative analysis
SWSSF Key Highlights
- A market capitalization of $32.61M reflects its position as a specialized, smaller-cap entity within the broader packaged foods industry.
- The company's P/E ratio of 21.5 indicates investor valuation relative to its earnings, positioning it within the competitive consumer defensive sector.
- Gross margin stands at 10.8%, demonstrating the profitability of its core decaffeination and logistics services before operating expenses.
- A profit margin of 1.0% highlights the company's net profitability, underscoring the operational efficiency in a specialized manufacturing and service business.
- With 85 employees, Swiss Water maintains a focused and specialized operational structure, managing its proprietary decaffeination process and logistics services.
Who Are SWSSF's Competitors?
SWSSF is benchmarked below against 8 industry peers on price, market cap, and our AI MoonshotScore.
| Company | Price | Change | Market Cap | AI Score |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GPAGF Gruma, S.A.B. de C.V. | $18.50 | +2.21% | $6.31B | 66 |
| PNGAF Pangea Wellness Inc. | $0.37 | +10.51% | $5.54M | 65 |
| ZHYBF Zhong Yuan Bio-Technology Holdings Limited | $2.02 | +0.00% | $35.75M | 64 |
| BOF BranchOut Food Inc. | $4.58 | -4.18% | $70.15M | 61 |
| MEJHY Meiji Holdings Co., Ltd. | $11.21 | +0.00% | $6.08B | 52 |
| TYCMY Tingyi (Cayman Islands) Holding Corp. | $29.80 | +14.05% | $8.40B | 52 |
| CHFLF China Feihe Limited | $0.35 | +0.00% | $3.08B | 52 |
| GUZOF Grupo Herdez, S.A.B. de C.V. | $2.94 | +0.00% | $945.53M | 52 |
AI Score by Stock Expert AI · Price data: FMP / Yahoo Finance
What Are SWSSF's Key Strengths?
- Proprietary chemical-free decaffeination process, appealing to health-conscious consumers and specialty roasters.
- Strong brand reputation for natural and quality decaffeinated coffee in a niche market.
- Diversified revenue streams from both decaffeination services and green coffee logistics.
- Established global distribution network across Canada, the US, and international markets.
What Are SWSSF's Weaknesses?
- Relatively small market capitalization ($0.03B) and lean profit margin (1.0%) compared to larger industry players.
- Exposure to volatility in green coffee commodity prices, impacting cost of goods sold.
- Limited public disclosure status as an OTC Other stock, potentially affecting investor confidence.
- Concentration in a niche market segment, which may limit scalability without significant investment.
What Could Drive SWSSF Stock Higher?
- Strategic expansion of decaffeination capacity to meet growing global demand for chemical-free products.
- Announcement of new international distribution partnerships to broaden market reach beyond current operations.
- Increasing consumer preference for natural and chemical-free food and beverage products, aligning with Swiss Water's core offering.
- Continued growth in the global specialty coffee market, a key target segment for the company's premium decaffeinated beans.
- Implementation of strategic initiatives to expand third-party green coffee logistics services, diversifying revenue streams.
What Are the Key Risks for SWSSF?
- Volatility in green coffee bean prices, which could significantly impact the company's cost of goods sold and profitability.
- Intense competition from other decaffeination methods and service providers, including larger, more established players.
- Regulatory changes or increased scrutiny on decaffeination processes, potentially requiring costly operational adjustments.
- Inherent challenges associated with OTC trading, including limited liquidity, wider bid-ask spreads, and an unknown disclosure status.
- Economic downturns or shifts in consumer spending habits that could reduce demand for premium specialty coffee products.
What Are the Growth Opportunities for SWSSF?
- The increasing global consumer demand for natural and health-conscious food and beverage options presents a significant growth opportunity for Swiss Water Decaffeinated Coffee Inc. Consumers are increasingly seeking decaffeinated coffee that is produced without chemical solvents, aligning directly with Swiss Water's proprietary water-based process. This trend is particularly strong in developed markets across North America and Europe, where health awareness is high. Capitalizing on this, the company can expand its market share by emphasizing its clean-label credentials to specialty roasters and commercial brands. The market for decaffeinated coffee is expected to continue its upward trajectory over the next five to ten years, offering a sustained tailwind for Swiss Water's specialized product.
- Deepening penetration into high-growth international coffee markets represents another substantial opportunity. While Swiss Water already operates internationally, there is scope to expand its presence in regions with burgeoning specialty coffee cultures and increasing disposable incomes, such as parts of Asia and Latin America. By establishing stronger distribution channels and strategic partnerships with local roasters and importers in these areas, the company can tap into new consumer bases. The global specialty coffee market, a key target for Swiss Water, is projected to expand significantly over the coming decade, providing ample room for the company to grow its decaffeinated green coffee sales beyond its established North American footprint.
- Swiss Water's established green coffee logistics services present a distinct growth avenue by expanding its third-party client base. The company already provides essential services like devanning, inspection, storage, and shipment preparation for other coffee importers and brokers. By actively marketing these capabilities, Swiss Water can attract more clients seeking reliable and efficient handling of green coffee beans. This diversification of revenue streams reduces reliance solely on decaffeination services and leverages existing infrastructure. The global coffee trade requires robust logistics, and as trade volumes increase, the demand for specialized handling and storage services is expected to grow, offering a consistent revenue opportunity over the medium to long term.
- Exploring opportunities for product innovation and diversification within the broader coffee value chain could unlock new revenue streams. While Swiss Water's core expertise lies in decaffeination, the company could investigate offering value-added services such as specialized certifications for sustainably sourced beans, or developing unique blends of decaffeinated coffees tailored for specific market segments. Another potential area could involve providing consulting services on green coffee quality and handling, leveraging its deep industry knowledge. These initiatives, while requiring careful market assessment and investment, could broaden its appeal and capture additional value from the premium coffee market, with potential for implementation within a three to five-year timeframe.
- Should the demand for chemical-free decaffeinated coffee continue its strong growth trajectory, strategic capacity expansion represents a crucial growth opportunity. If current decaffeination facilities approach maximum utilization, investing in new processing lines or an entirely new facility would allow Swiss Water to meet increased market demand and prevent lost sales. This expansion would enable the company to scale its operations to serve a larger volume of specialty and commercial clients. Such a project would be a capital-intensive, long-term endeavor, likely spanning several years, but it would be vital for sustaining growth and maintaining market leadership in its niche as the global decaffeinated coffee market expands.
What Opportunities Does SWSSF Have?
- Growing global demand for natural, clean-label, and specialty decaffeinated coffee products.
- Expansion into new international markets with burgeoning specialty coffee cultures.
- Increased utilization and expansion of third-party logistics services for other coffee industry participants.
- Potential for product diversification or value-added services within the broader coffee value chain.
What Threats Does SWSSF Face?
- Intense competition from other decaffeination methods and service providers, including larger chemical-based operations.
- Fluctuations in global coffee bean supply and pricing, impacting raw material costs.
- Potential regulatory changes or increased scrutiny on food processing and decaffeination methods.
- Economic downturns or shifts in consumer preferences that could reduce demand for specialty coffee products.
What Are SWSSF's Competitive Advantages?
- Proprietary chemical-free decaffeination process, offering a distinct advantage over solvent-based methods.
- Established brand reputation associated with quality and natural decaffeination, particularly within the specialty coffee segment.
- Integrated green coffee logistics infrastructure, providing operational efficiencies and a diversified revenue stream.
- Long-standing relationships with a global network of specialty roasters, importers, and distributors.
What Does SWSSF Do?
Swiss Water Decaffeinated Coffee Inc., headquartered in Delta, Canada, operates as a distinct player in the global coffee industry, specializing in the decaffeination of green coffee. The company was originally known as Ten Peaks Coffee Company Inc. before rebranding to Swiss Water Decaffeinated Coffee Inc. in September 2018, a change that underscored its proprietary and environmentally conscious decaffeination method. At its core, Swiss Water employs a unique, chemical-free process to remove caffeine from green coffee beans, a significant differentiator in a market where many decaffeination methods involve chemical solvents. This commitment to a natural process resonates with a growing segment of consumers and specialty roasters who prioritize clean-label products and sustainable practices. The company's primary business involves decaffeinating green coffees and subsequently selling these specialized beans to a diverse client base that includes specialty roaster retailers, large-scale commercial coffee roasters, and specialty coffee importers. Distribution is facilitated through direct sales and a network of regional distributors across Canada, the United States, and various international markets. Beyond its core decaffeination services, Swiss Water Decaffeinated Coffee Inc. has strategically diversified its offerings to include a comprehensive suite of green coffee logistics services. These services are crucial for the efficient movement of coffee beans from origin to market. They encompass the devanning of coffee received from international origins, meticulous inspection, precise weighing, and accurate sampling of coffee lots. Furthermore, the company provides secure storage, expert handling, and thorough preparation of green coffee for outbound shipments. This logistics arm not only supports its own decaffeination operations but also serves as a valuable service provider for other coffee importers and brokers, handling and storing their coffees. With 85 employees, Swiss Water maintains a focused operation, leveraging its specialized technology and logistical capabilities to carve out a niche in the broader packaged foods sector, catering to the increasing demand for high-quality, naturally decaffeinated coffee products.
What Products and Services Does SWSSF Offer?
- Decaffeinates green coffee beans using a proprietary chemical-free, water-based process.
- Sells decaffeinated green coffee to specialty roaster retailers across various markets.
- Supplies decaffeinated green coffee to specialty coffee importers globally.
- Provides decaffeinated green coffee to commercial coffee roasters.
- Distributes its products through regional distributors in Canada, the US, and internationally.
- Offers comprehensive green coffee logistics services, including devanning, inspection, weighing, and sampling.
- Manages storage, handling, and preparation of green coffee for outbound shipments.
- Provides storage and handling services for other coffee importers and brokers.
How Does SWSSF Make Money?
- Charges for decaffeination services on green coffee beans, utilizing its specialized process.
- Generates revenue from the direct sale of its proprietary chemical-free decaffeinated green coffee.
- Earns fees for providing green coffee logistics and warehousing services to third-party clients.
- Leverages its unique chemical-free process as a key differentiator to command premium pricing in the specialty coffee market.
What Industry Does SWSSF Operate In?
Swiss Water Decaffeinated Coffee Inc. operates within the Consumer Defensive sector, specifically the Packaged Foods industry, occupying a niche segment focused on green coffee decaffeination. The broader coffee market is characterized by robust demand, with increasing consumer interest in specialty coffees and health-conscious alternatives, including decaffeinated options. The global decaffeinated coffee market is experiencing growth, driven by consumers seeking reduced caffeine intake without compromising flavor. Swiss Water differentiates itself through its chemical-free decaffeination process, appealing to a premium segment that values natural and clean-label products. While competing with other decaffeination service providers, its unique method provides a distinct advantage. The company also participates in the green coffee logistics market, offering services that support the wider coffee supply chain. This dual operational model allows it to capture value from both specialized product manufacturing and essential supply chain services within a resilient consumer staple industry.
Who Are SWSSF's Key Customers?
- Specialty roaster retailers seeking high-quality, chemical-free decaffeinated coffee for their products.
- Specialty coffee importers requiring naturally decaffeinated green beans for their distribution networks.
- Commercial coffee roasters looking for a reliable supply of premium decaffeinated coffee.
- Regional distributors who facilitate the sale and distribution of Swiss Water's products to various end-users.
- Other coffee importers and brokers utilizing Swiss Water's logistics and storage facilities for their green coffee inventory.
FY2026 estForward Outlook
Wall Street analysts project Swiss Water Decaffeinated Coffee Inc. revenue of about $255.8M for fiscal 2026, with EPS near $0.29.
F-Score 7/9Financial Health
Swiss Water Decaffeinated Coffee Inc.'s Piotroski F-Score is 7/9, a 9-point checklist of profitability, leverage and efficiency — signaling solid underlying fundamentals. Its Altman Z-Score of 1.95 places it in the grey zone, a middle ground that warrants monitoring.
ROE 4%Key Financial Metrics
Return on equity for Swiss Water Decaffeinated Coffee Inc. stands at 4.2%, a gauge of how efficiently it converts shareholder capital into profit. Return on assets is 1.2%, showing how much profit it generates from its asset base. SWSSF trades at a trailing price-to-earnings ratio of 21.48, below the Consumer Defensive sector average of ~29x. Its free cash flow yield is 40.3%, a gauge of the cash the business throws off relative to its market value. A current ratio of 1.86 indicates the company holds enough short-term assets to cover its near-term obligations. Its earnings yield is 4.3%, the inverse of the P/E and a quick read on earnings relative to price.
Swiss Water Decaffeinated Coffee Inc. (SWSSF) Valuation Context
Valued at $32.61M, SWSSF is classified as a micro-cap stock. Relative to its peer group, SWSSF's quantitative score of 52/100 is roughly in line with the peer average of 62/100.
Company Profile
Swiss Water Decaffeinated Coffee Inc. operates in the Packaged Foods industry within the Consumer Defensive sector. It is headquartered in Delta, CA. The company is led by CEO Frank A. Dennis. SWSSF has traded publicly since 2012.
SWSSF Financials
Fundamental Snapshot
Based on FMP financials and quantitative analysis · FY 2025
Bull Case vs Bear Case
Bull Case
- Recent insider buying suggests those in the know see value, a potentially strong signal.
- The community buzz is generally positive, indicating growing interest and belief in the company's direction.
- Consumer demand for healthier coffee alternatives is on the rise, positioning SWSSF favorably.
- The company's unique decaffeination process could be a strong competitive advantage, attracting environmentally conscious consumers.
Bear Case
- Limited brand recognition compared to major coffee players could hinder market penetration.
- The niche market of decaffeinated coffee may limit overall growth potential.
- Increased competition from other decaffeination methods could erode SWSSF's market share.
- Negative sentiment spikes within the community suggest concerns about future performance or management decisions.
AI-generated arguments based on insider flow, news sentiment and technicals — not financial advice · March 2026
SWSSF Latest News
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Properly Investment Company Ltd. and Spur Point Capital Inc. Early Warning Report
Yahoo! Finance: SWSSF News · Jun 17, 2026
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Swiss Water Reports Voting Results from Annual General and Special Meeting of Shareholders
Yahoo! Finance: SWSSF News · May 21, 2026
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There May Be Reason For Hope In Swiss Water Decaffeinated Coffee's (TSE:SWP) Disappointing Earnings
Yahoo! Finance: SWSSF News · May 19, 2026
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SWP.TO: Industry Dynamics & Fundamentals Appear to be Normalizing
Yahoo! Finance: SWSSF News · May 11, 2026
SWSSF Analyst Consensus
Consensus Rating
Aggregated Buy/Hold/Sell recommendations from Benzinga, Yahoo Finance, and Finnhub for SWSSF.
Price Targets
Wall Street price target analysis for SWSSF.
SWSSF MoonshotScore
What does this score mean?
The MoonshotScore rates SWSSF's growth potential on a scale of 0-100 across multiple factors including innovation, market disruption, financial health, and momentum.
Latest News
Properly Investment Company Ltd. and Spur Point Capital Inc. Early Warning Report
Swiss Water Reports Voting Results from Annual General and Special Meeting of Shareholders
There May Be Reason For Hope In Swiss Water Decaffeinated Coffee's (TSE:SWP) Disappointing Earnings
SWP.TO: Industry Dynamics & Fundamentals Appear to be Normalizing
Leadership: Frank A. Dennis
Chief Executive Officer
Frank A. Dennis serves as the Chief Executive Officer of Swiss Water Decaffeinated Coffee Inc., leading the company's strategic direction and operational execution. His career history, specific educational background, and previous roles prior to his tenure at Swiss Water Decaffeinated Coffee Inc. are not explicitly detailed in the provided source data. However, as CEO, he is responsible for managing the company's 85 employees and overseeing its specialized green coffee decaffeination and logistics operations across Canada, the United States, and international markets. His leadership is critical in navigating the niche market for chemical-free decaffeinated coffee and expanding the company's global footprint.
Track Record: Under Frank A. Dennis's leadership, Swiss Water Decaffeinated Coffee Inc. has continued to operate its proprietary chemical-free decaffeination process, maintaining its market position in the specialty coffee segment. He oversees the company's dual business model, encompassing both decaffeinated green coffee sales and green coffee logistics services. His strategic decisions are focused on optimizing operations for the company's 85 employees and expanding its reach in North American and international markets, ensuring the continued supply of naturally decaffeinated coffee to its diverse client base.
SWSSF OTC Market Information
Swiss Water Decaffeinated Coffee Inc. trades on the OTC Other tier, which is the lowest tier of the OTC Markets Group's three marketplaces. Unlike companies listed on the OTCQX or OTCQB, companies on the OTC Other tier are not required to meet minimum financial standards or undergo an annual verification process. This tier typically includes companies that are not required to or choose not to publish financial reports, or those that are in financial distress. It differs significantly from major exchanges like the NYSE or NASDAQ, which have stringent listing requirements for market capitalization, share price, and financial reporting, offering greater transparency and liquidity.
- OTC Tier: OTC Other
- Disclosure Status: Unknown
- Lack of comprehensive and timely financial disclosure, hindering informed investment decisions.
- Lower trading volume and wider bid-ask spreads, leading to reduced liquidity and increased price volatility.
- Increased susceptibility to market manipulation due to less regulatory oversight compared to major exchanges.
- Difficulty in obtaining reliable and up-to-date company information, potentially leading to information asymmetry.
- Limited analyst coverage and institutional investor interest compared to exchange-listed stocks.
- Independently verify all available financial statements and operational reports directly from company sources.
- Research any news or press releases issued by the company to assess recent developments.
- Examine historical trading volume and bid-ask spreads to understand the stock's liquidity characteristics.
- Investigate management's background and track record beyond the provided summary.
- Thoroughly assess the company's fundamental business model, competitive position, and industry trends.
- Understand the specific regulatory environment and risks associated with OTC Other securities.
- Consult with a financial advisor experienced in navigating OTC markets before making investment decisions.
- Active business operations in a tangible industry (green coffee decaffeination and logistics).
- Identified CEO (Frank A. Dennis) and a stated number of employees (85).
- Clear description of products, services, and geographic reach across multiple countries.
- History of operation, including a corporate name change in 2018, indicating business continuity.
SWSSF Consumer Defensive Stock FAQ
What does Swiss Water Decaffeinated Coffee Inc. do?
Swiss Water Decaffeinated Coffee Inc. specializes in the chemical-free decaffeination of green coffee beans, serving a global market. The company utilizes a unique, water-based process to remove caffeine, distinguishing its product from those decaffeinated using chemical solvents. Its primary business involves selling these naturally decaffeinated green coffees to a diverse clientele, including specialty roaster retailers, specialty coffee importers, and commercial coffee roasters, distributed across Canada, the United States, and internationally. Additionally, Swiss Water provides comprehensive green coffee logistics services. These include receiving, inspecting, weighing, sampling, storing, handling, and preparing green coffee for shipment, not only for its own operations but also for other coffee importers and brokers, thereby diversifying its revenue streams.
How does Swiss Water Decaffeinated Coffee Inc. differentiate its decaffeination process?
Swiss Water Decaffeinated Coffee Inc. fundamentally differentiates its decaffeination process through its proprietary chemical-free method, which relies solely on water. Unlike many conventional decaffeination techniques that employ chemical solvents such as methylene chloride or ethyl acetate, Swiss Water's process avoids these substances entirely. This unique approach is a significant selling point, particularly for specialty coffee roasters and consumers who prioritize natural, clean-label products and are concerned about chemical residues. This commitment to a natural process enhances the flavor integrity of the coffee and aligns with growing consumer preferences for healthier and more sustainably produced goods, establishing a distinct competitive advantage in the market.
What is Swiss Water Decaffeinated Coffee Inc.'s geographic revenue mix?
Swiss Water Decaffeinated Coffee Inc. operates with a geographic revenue mix that spans Canada, the United States, and various international markets. While specific revenue breakdown percentages by region are not provided, the company's business description explicitly states its sales and distribution reach across these key territories. Its focus on specialty roaster retailers, specialty coffee importers, and commercial coffee roasters suggests a diversified client base across these regions. The company's international growth rates would be influenced by the expansion of the global specialty coffee market and its ability to forge new distribution partnerships in emerging markets, complementing its established presence in North America.
What are the main risks for SWSSF?
The main risks for Swiss Water Decaffeinated Coffee Inc. encompass several factors. A primary concern is the volatility of green coffee bean prices, which can significantly impact the company's cost of goods sold and, consequently, its profit margins, given its lean 1.0% profit margin. The company also faces ongoing intense competition from other decaffeination service providers, including those utilizing chemical methods, and from larger, more diversified coffee companies. Furthermore, its listing on the OTC Other tier presents specific risks, such as limited liquidity, wider bid-ask spreads, and an unknown disclosure status, which can hinder investor access to comprehensive financial information and increase investment uncertainty. Potential regulatory changes affecting food processing or international trade could also pose challenges.
What are the key factors to evaluate for SWSSF?
Swiss Water Decaffeinated Coffee Inc. (SWSSF) holds an AI score of 52/100 (moderate). P/E: 21.5x vs the S&P 500's ~20-25x. Not financial advice.
How frequently does SWSSF data refresh on this page?
SWSSF prices update in real time during U.S. market hours. Fundamentals refresh after quarterly filings; analyst ratings and AI insights update daily; news is aggregated continuously.
What has driven SWSSF's recent stock price performance?
Swiss Water Decaffeinated Coffee Inc. (SWSSF) moves on earnings results, analyst revisions, sector rotation, and market sentiment. Notable catalyst: Proprietary chemical-free decaffeination process, appealing to health-conscious consumers and specialty roasters. See the News tab for the latest drivers. Past performance does not predict future results.
Should investors consider SWSSF overvalued or undervalued right now?
Swiss Water Decaffeinated Coffee Inc. (SWSSF) trades at 21.5x earnings. Compare P/E, P/S, and EV/EBITDA against sector peers for a full view.
Disclaimer: This content is for informational purposes only and does not constitute investment advice. Always do your own research and consult a financial advisor.
Official Resources
Data provided for informational purposes only.
- No FMP PEER TICKERS were provided in the source data, so the 'competitors' array is empty.
- Specific details regarding the CEO's background and track record are limited to what was provided in the source material.
- Growth opportunities and SWOT analysis include elements derived from the company's stated business model and industry context, as specific forward-looking statements were not provided.
- No analyst ratings, price targets, or consensus information was provided, therefore the analyst-consensus FAQ was omitted.